UNS S31254 (Alloy 254SMO, 1.4547) Stainless Steel is an austenitic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 1.4547 is the EN numeric designation for this material. S31254 is the UNS number. Alloy 254SMO EN chemical designation is X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7.
It has a moderately high base cost among wrought austenitic stainless steels. In addition, it has the highest PREN and the highest embodied energy.
The properties of S31254 stainless steel include two common variations. The property values on this page show ranges across all of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare S31254 stainless steel to: wrought austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom).
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Machinability
Stainless steel grade 254 SMO (UNS S31254) is quite tough to machine due to the extremely high work hardening rate and lack of sulfur content; however using sharp tools, overpowered machine tools, positive feeds, good amount of lubrication, and slow speeds tend to provide good machining results.
Welding
Welding of stainless steel grade 254 SMO (UNS S31254) requires filler material without which it results in poor strength properties. Filler metals such as AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3, and alloy 625 are recommended. Electrodes used in the process, have to match with AWS A5.11 ENiCrMo-12.
Annealing
Annealing of this material should be performed at 1149-1204°C (2100-2200°F), which should be followed by a water quench.
Hot Working
Forging, upsetting and other operations relating to this material can be performed at 982 - 1149°C (1800 - 2100°F). It is recommended that temperatures do not exceed this range as it would result in scaling and reduction in the workability of the material. To re-attain maximum corrosion resistant properties, it is advisable to perform post-process annealing.
Cold Working
Cold working can be carried out using all the traditional methods; however the process would be tough due to its high work hardening rate. The result will provide the material with increased strength and toughness.
Hardening
Stainless steel grade 254 SMO (UNS S31254) does not respond to heat treatment. Hardening is possible only through cold reduction.
Applications
Stainless steel grade 254 SMO (UNS S31254) is used in the following areas:
Saltwater handling
Tall oil distillation columns
Flue gas desulfurization scrubbers
Components used in petroleum production
Food processing equipment
Process equipment in chemical industry
Bleaching equipment in the pulp and paper industry
Flue-gas cleaning
Desalination
Heat exchangers
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